从句概述
主语从句/状语从句/宾语从句/表语从句
例句：
1）One reason is that … (表语从句)
2）People believe that … (宾语从句)
3）What I like most about it (主语从句) is that … (表语从句)
4）That is why … (表语从句)
5）What else is that … (表语从句)
6）That is the reason why … (定语从句)
note: 所有修饰名词的都是定语
定语从句
定义: 修饰n.的从句
She is a beautiful (定语) women. 有名词的地方都可以写成定语从句
She is a women + 连接词 + 句子 (定语从句,紧跟名词左右)
定语从句形式
1）主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 连接词 + 主谓宾 (定语从句修饰宾语)
I really like the coat that(宾语) my mother(主语) buys(谓语) for me(宾语). （定语从句）
2）主语 + 连接词 + 主谓宾 + 谓语 + 宾语
The coat that my mother buys for me is expensive. (定语从句修饰主语)
改写句子: The boy is angry. The boy failed his exam.
由于两个句子共用一个名词 (the boy), 可转换为定语从句: The boy who failed his exam is angry.
连接词
| 连接词 | 可修饰句子成分 | 在从句可充当的成分 |
|---|---|---|
| That | 人、物 | 主语、宾语 |
| Which | 物 | 主语、宾语 |
| Who | 人 | 主语 |
| Whom | 人 | 宾语 |
| Whose | - | …的 |
| Where | - | 状语 |
| When | - | 状语 |
| Why | - | 状语 |
连接词使用规则：
1）每次只能使用一个
2）连接词做宾语时可省略 (that/which/whom)
3）从句中动词的形式和从句的主语保持一致
例句:
1）He is the boy that(从句中做宾语) I like.
2）This is the book which(从句中做主语) gives me big surprise.
3）When she looked back, she views this black period as the gift that(主语) helped her to be stronger.
4）It would cost a family around 7000 a year to replace meat that(宾语) they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat.
长难句:
1）Shot-day plants that flower in the autumn in the temperate zone are able to build up food reserves over the growing season and over winter as seeds.
2）She learned in London and worked for wealthy relatives, later as well as a local McDonald’s, after the closure of the Somalian Embassy because of the war that had broken out in her country.
3）He later want on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.
宾语从句
I(主语) + believe(谓语) + her.(宾语)
I(主语) + believe(谓语) + that she has a strong will.(宾语从句)
例句:
1）I understand how hard people’s life can be without a stable financial support.
2）The scientists of many non-English-speaking countries find that they need to write their research papers in English to reach a wide international audience.
3）I hope (that) her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.
表语从句
This(主语) is(系动词) wonderful(表语, adj.).
That’s where she helped me.
例句: It may be, however, that the comparison with HAL no longer seems quite so important, and AL can now be judged by what it can do, rather than by how well it matches up to a 30-year old science fiction film.
然而，似乎是AL和HAL的比较不再那么重要了，AL现在可以通过它所做的事情而被评价，而不用通过他是否能跟30年前的电影好不好而评价。
主语从句
That prices will go up (主语从句) is certain.
形式主语: It is certain that prices will go up. (当主语从句句子太长时，可改为形式主语)
例句: It is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system.
It is known to all … (众所周知)
note: 一个句子中可出现多个定语/状语从句，但是只能出现一个宾语/表语/主语从句。
状语从句
状语: 广义的副词，用来修饰除n.和代词外的其它结构，比如v./adj.等，用于表达丰富的语义。
条件状语从句
连接词：If, supposing, provided, providing, assuming, as long as, unless
例句: Supposing his plan goes wrong, what will we do then? (主将从现)
As long as museums don’t force people to buy things, I think it is very acceptable.
时间状语从句
连接词: when, while, as, before, after, until, since, whenever, as soon as, once
例句: 1）You can borrow my car whenever you want.
2）She always says thank you when someone helps her.
3）My personality changed a lot after I met Wang Rui.
4）Many young people today cannot afford to leave home even after they finish their university education.
结果状语从句
连接词: … so that …, so…(+adj.) that, such…(+n.) that
例句：1）The carpet is badly stained, to such an extent that you cannot tell its original colour.
2）Fashion is a form of ugliness so intolerable that we have to alter it every six months.
3）So ordinary and routine has this become to us that it takes a determined leap of the imagination to grasp the impact of those first moving images.
原因状语从句
连接词：because, as, since, seeing(that), considering(that), given that, now that, in that
1）Considering that your birthday is the same day as mine, we could have a joint party.
2）I secretly wanted to be like her, because everybody made friends with her and she is so popular.
3）We all call her Panda, as she prefers black and white for clothes.
4）I love her advice, as it is useful and inspiring.
让步状语从句
连接词：although, though,(虽然) even though, even if,(即使) while, whereas(表转折)
例句：1）Even if you get killed, just walk it off!
2）Though everyone played well, we lost the game.
多重状语从句
1）This all changed after I met her, because she is a great person.
2）When they come home from work, the will have microwaved dinner or fast food so that they do not have to take the trouble to prepare a meal or wash up after dinner.